Omega-3 fatty acids as adjunctive treatment for bexarotene-induced hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Bexarotene is an oral retinoid approved for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients resistant to first-line systemic treatment. Hypertriglyceridaemia is an unavoidable adverse effect of bexarotene therapy, and requires monitoring because of the risk of developing pancreatitis. Therefore, prophylactic hypolipidaemic therapy, usually with a fibrate alone, is required for preventing bexarotene-induced hypertriglyceridaemia. Despite these measures, a large number of patients develop very severe hypertriglyceridaemia. AIM: To assess the lipid metabolism changes before and after the use of a combination of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) plus fenofibrate compared with fenofibrate alone as a more effective lipid-lowering therapy in patients with CTCL treated with bexarotene. METHODS: From January 2005 to January 2013, we analysed all 25 patients with CTCL treated with bexarotene. The first 18 consecutively enrolled patients received fenofibrate alone as a lipid-lowering therapy, and the next 7 consecutively enrolled patients received a combination of fenofibrate and n-3 FA. RESULTS: Data for all 25 consecutive patients with CTCL treated with bexarotene were evaluated. Of these, 24 patients (96%) developed hypertriglyceridaemia despite the hypolipidaemic therapy, with this being very severe (> 11.2 mmol/L) in 20% of the cases. Of the 18 patients receiving fenofibrate alone, 5 (28%) developed very severe hypertriglyceridaemia, compared with none of the 7 patients treated with the n-3 FA combination. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the n-3 FA combination may be more effective than fibrate alone for preventing bexarotene-induced hypertriglyceridaemia.

Anafilaxia, más allá de la piel / Anaphylaxis. Beyond the skin

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Evaluación de la utilidad de la tinción de Gramdel esputo para el manejo de la neumonía en urgencias / Is sputum Gram staining useful in the emergency department’s management of pneumonia?

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la tinción de Gram del esputo (TGE) en el manejo de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en el servicio de urgencias (SU).Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo entre octubre 2005 y noviembre 2007 de pacientes con NAC ingresados en el hospital tras su valoración en el SU. Se han analizado las variables demográficas, índice de Fine, TGE, antigenuria, cultivos y antibioterapia inicial. Se ha calculado la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos positivo y negativo de la TGE. Resultados: Se ha revisado 608 casos de neumonía (edad media 70,7, 64,3% hombres).Se obtuvo muestras de esputo en 168 pacientes (27,6%). La TGE mostró diplococos Gram positivos en 74 casos (DCGP), cocobacilos Gram negativos (CBGN) en 26, bacilos Gram negativos en 15, cocos Gram positivos en racimo o cadenas en 11 y presencia de polimorfonucleares sin predominio de microorganismos en 42. Se aisló Streptococcus pneumoniae en 57 casos y Haemophilus influenzae en 19. El hallazgo de DCGP o CBGN mostró una sensibilidad del 47,1% y 73% y una especificidad del 94,2%y 95% para la infección neumocócica y por Haemophilus respectivamente. Ceftriaxona fue el tratamiento más frecuente en pacientes con DGCP y levofloxacino en CBGN. Conclusiones: La TGE tiene un valor limitado en el manejo de la NAC del adulto en el SU con resultados variables según la infecciones por lo que resulta poco útil para orientarla antibioterapia inicial (AU)

Objective: To assess the utility of sputum Gram stains in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the emergency department. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of patients with CAP admitted to hospital after evaluation in the emergency department between October 2005 and November 2007. We analyzed patient variables; the Fine index; the results of Gram staining of sputum smears, urine antigen tests, and blood cultures; and the antibiotic therapy initially prescribed. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Gram stain results were calculated.Results: A total of 608 cases of CAP (mean age, 70.7 years; 64.3% men) were included. Sputum cultures were obtained for 168 patients (27.6%). Gram-negative diplococcal infection was demonstrated in 74 cases, gram-negative coccobacilliin 26, gram-negative stains in 15, gram-positive cocci in clusters or chains in 11, and polymorphonuclear cells with nopredominating microorganisms in 42. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in 57 patients and Haemophilus influenza in 19. The sensitivity of a finding of gram-positive diplococci was 47.1% for pneumococcal infection, with a specificity of94.2%. The sensitivity of a finding of gram-negative coccobacilli was 73% for H. influenza e infection, with a specificity of95%. Ceftriaxone and levofloxacin were the most frequently assigned treatments in patients with diplococcal and H.influenzae infections, respectively. Conclusions: Gram staining of sputum is of limited value in the emergency department’s management of CAP in adult patients. As the results vary according to pathogen, they are of little use in choosing the antibiotic treatment (AU)